Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is difficult to treat in pregnant women due to pregnancy itself and the lack of standard treatment for the disease. As of August 2021, the etiotropic drug remdesivir has been added to the prescription list for women during gestation. There are few publications in the global scientific community regarding the use of this ANTIVIRAL drug in pregnant women. Moreover, there are only sporadic scientific studies in Kazakhstan, so the question remains open. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of remdesivir in pregnant women with probable or confirmed COVID-19. Methods: The study comprehensively examined 120 pregnant women with severe to very severe COVID-19, who were divided into two groups of patients. The study group consisted of women who received remdesivir and standard THERAPY. The control group included patients who received standard THERAPY per the protocol. Results: Statistically significant age differences were observed between the main and control groups (P = 0. 019). The differences detected were due to a higher frequency in the age group of 33 and 42 years in patients taking remdesivir than in the control group (P = 0. 036). Women in the main group (Median = 9. 00,Q1-Q3 = 8. 00-11. 0) had longer hospital stays than the control group (Me = 8. 00,Q1-Q3 = 7. 00-10. 0). This was due to the more severe condition of the patients in this group. There were statistically significant differences in amniotic fluid changes according to ultrasound between the control and main groups (P = 0. 013). When comparing the groups in pairs, amniotic fluid was more common in women who received remdesivir (P = 0. 316) than in the control group. Our study found that a decrease in temperature to normal levels occurred earlier in the control group (68%) than in the main group. Further SpO2 increases of more than 95% were seen on days 3-4 in the main group (71%) and days 1-2 in the control group (43%). After three days, there was an improvement in respiratory rate (41. 6%) and a reduction in subjective dyspnea (66. 6%) in the main group. Conclusions: The study found that repeat mothers have a more severe course of COVID-19. The older age group and the third trimester of pregnancy are risk factors for progression to severe disease.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein nuclease (Cas) is identified as an adaptive immune system in archaea and bacteria. Type II of this system, CRISPR-Cas9, is the most versatile form that has enabled facile and efficient targeted genome editing. Viral infections have serious impacts on global health and conventional ANTIVIRAL therapies have not yielded a successful solution hitherto. The CRISPR-Cas9 system represents a promising tool for eliminating viral infections. In this review, we highlight 1) the recent progress of CRISPR-Cas technology in decoding and diagnosis of viral outbreaks, 2) its applications to eliminate viral infections in both pre-integration and provirus stages, and 3) various delivery systems that are employed to introduce the platform into target cells.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are essential in treating viruses and bacteria, especially in light of antibiotic resistance. The research aims to manufacture them in a manner that enhances their therapeutic effect. The study utilised UV spectral analysis, zeta potential imaging, dynamics of light scattering (DLS), atomic forces microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and flame-atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAM) to analyse the stability, size and concentration of Ag NPs. The vaccine strain of measles virus (MeV) was cultivated in the Vero/hSLAM cell line, and the tissue culture infective dose 50% (TCID50%) was determined. We then tested the efficacy of various concentrations of Ag NPs in inhibiting the proliferation of different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of the virus and as an antibacterial agent against specific antibiotic-resistant isolates via the well diffusion method. AgNPs exhibited a spherical morphology with an average diameter of 20 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.245±006 and a diameter variation of 23.06±0.6 nm. The concentration of Ag NPs was 176 µg/ml, and they effectively inhibited the growth of the MeV-inappropriate cell line at varying concentrations and MOIs. Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens were significantly affected by the application of Ag NPs. The measurement of the inhibition zone increased with the concentration of Ag NPs for all tested pathogenic bacteria. The biosynthesized Ag NPs possess the potential to serve as a suitable alternative to commercial antibiotics in controlling resistant bacteria and inhibiting viral infection.